a. Noun (kata benda)
- The class is
good = kelas itu bagus (good menerangkan clausa)
- My books are
thick = buku saya tebal (thick menerangkan book)
- This is big
building =
ini adalah sebuah gedung yang besar ( big
menerangkan building)
b. Pronoun (kata ganti)
- he is clever = ia
pandai (clever menerangkan he)
- she is
beatiful = ia
cantik (beautiful menerangkan she)
- they are
diligent = mereka rajin (diligent menerangkan they)
Ø
ADVERB
adalah suatu kata yang menerangkan verb ,adjective, adverb yang lain
atau seluruh kalimat
a. verb (kata kerja)
- he is working hard
= ia bekerja keras (hard menerangkan working)
- the train run quickly
= kereta api cepat larinya (quickly menerangkan
runs)
- she spaks loudly
= ia berbicara keras (loudly
menerangkan speaks)
The Difference between Adjectives
and Adverbs
The Basic Rules: Adjectives
Adjectives modify nouns. To modify means to change in some
way. By modifying, adjectives give more detail about the noun. For example:
ü
"I ate a meal." Meal is a noun.
The reader does not know what kind of meal this is, leaving a lot of room open
for interpretation.
ü
"I ate an enormous meal." Meal is a
noun, and enormous is an adjective that modifies it. It tells us what kind of
meal the person ate. By using adjectives, the writer gives the reader a better
understanding of the noun.
Adjectives clarify the noun by answering one of the
following different questions: "What kind?" or "Which?" or
"How many?" For example:
ü
"The tall girl is riding her bike."
Tall tells the reader which girl the writer is talking about.
ü
“Our old van needs to be replaced soon.” Old tells
the reader what kind of van the writer is describing.
ü
"The tough professor gave us the final
exam." Tough tells the reader what kind of professor we're talking about.
Final tells the reader which exam.
ü
"Fifteen students passed the midterm exam;
twelve students passed the final exam." Fifteen and twelve both tell the
reader how many students; midterm and final both tell the reader which exam.
So, generally speaking, adjectives answer the following
questions:
Which?
What kind of?
How many?
Some Other Rules for Adjectives
Most of the time, adjectives come before nouns. However,
some adjectives actually come after the nouns they modify. These adjectives
will most often follow a verb from this list:
be
feel
taste
smell
sound
look
appear
seem
Some examples:
Ø
"The dog is black." Black is an adjective that modifies the noun dog, but
it comes after the verb is. (Remember that "is" is a form of the verb
"be.") What kind of dog is it? A black dog.
Ø
"Brian seems sad." Sad describes the
noun, Brian, not the verb, seems. Sad answers the question “which way does
Brian seem?”
Ø
"The milk smells rotten." What kind of smell does the milk have? A rotten one.
Ø
"The speaker sounds hoarse." Hoarse answers the question “which way does the
speaker sound?”
Ø
“The ice-cream looks melted.” Here, melted does not describe the verb looks. It
describes the noun ice cream. What kind of ice cream does it look like? Melted
ice cream.
Ø
“Alex feels sleepy.” What kind of way does Alex
feel? Sleepy.
The Basic Rules:
Adverbs
Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. (You
can recognize adverbs easily because many of them are formed by adding -ly to
an adjective, though that is not always the case.) The most common question
that adverbs answer is how.
Let's look at verbs first.
o
"She sang beautifully." Beautifully is an adverb that modifies sang. It
tells the reader how she sang.
o
"The cellist played carelessly."
Carelessly is an adverb that modifies played. It tells the reader how the
cellist played.
Adverbs also modify adjectives and other adverbs.
o
"That woman is extremely nice." Nice
is an adjective that modifies the noun woman. Extremely is an adverb that
modifies nice; it tells the reader how nice she is. How nice is she? She's
extremely nice.
o
"It was a terribly hot afternoon." Hot
is an adjective that modifies the noun afternoon. Terribly is an adverb that
modifies the adjective hot. How hot is it? Terribly hot.
Adverbs answer the question how. They can also answer the questions
when, where, and why.
§
“She arrived late.” Late describes when she
arrived.
§
“They all went there for the party.” There is
where they all went to the party.
§
“The swim team practices every morning to
develop good habits.” To develop good habits acts as an adverbial infinitive
phrase that explains why the swim team practices every morning. Answering the
question why usually requires an infinitive phrase.
sumber:
http://andrianisyafa.blogspot.co.id/2011/02/perbedaan-antara-adjective-dan-adverb.html
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/owlprint/536/
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